northwestern California was associated ed hardy bi

Reproductive rates of northern [7][8] and California [20] spotted owls are strongly influenced by weather.[link widoczny dla zalogowanych] Low northern spotted owl reproductive output in Douglas-fir/hardwood and mixed-conifer forests of northwestern California was associated with cold, wet springs [8]. Average productivity in the eastern Cascade Range of Washington also declined with increasing precipitation, from 0.10 young/year on sites receiving more than 118 inches (300 cm) of precipitation a year to 0.96 young/year on sites receiving less than 20 inches (51 cm) of precipitation a year [7]. High California spotted owl reproductive rates were associated with less precipitation and higher minimum temperatures during the breeding season (March–May). For example, in mixed-conifer forests, reproductive output averaged 1.585 fledglings/pair in breeding seasons with less than 8 inches (20.7 cm) of rain and 0.307 fledglings/pair in breeding seasons with more than 8 inches (200 mm) of rain. In breeding seasons with more than 8 inches (200 mm) of rain, California spotted owl reproductive output was greater when the minimum April temperature was above 28 °F (–2 °C) (0.473 fledglings/pair) than when it was below 28 °F (0.183 fledglings/pair). The number of pairs breeding in each of these situations was small, ranging from 2 to 7 [20].
Survival and occupancy rates of northern spotted owls may also be affected by weather.[link widoczny dla zalogowanych] Northern spotted owl survival in Douglas-fir/hardwood and mixed-conifer forests of northwestern California was detrimentally affected by cold, wet springs [8]. In coniferous forests of the eastern Cascade Range of Washington, precipitation was inversely related to site occupancy [7]. There is no information on the effect of weather on California or Mexican spotted owl survival or site occupancy.
Good quality habitat likely buffers the effects of weather. For example,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], data from Douglas-fir/hardwood and mixed-conifer forests of northwestern California suggest that decreases in northern spotted owl survival associated with cold, wet weather were more gradual in landscapes with features considered high quality compared to landscapes with low-quality features [8]. [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] The habitat features associated with nest sites and the negative impact of precipitation on California spotted owl reproduction led researchers to speculate that high canopy cover and foliage volumes could reduce throughfall precipitation and wind penetration at nest sites [20].

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