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For example, in riparian areas, pinyon-juniper,luxury watches cheap and mixed-conifer woodlands of southern Utah, 70% of radio locations occurred within an area averaging 689 acres (279 ha), which is less than one-third of the 2,179 acre (882 ha) area that was occupied by 95% of radio locations [28].
Spotted owls typically have smaller home ranges in the breeding season than in the nonbreeding season [24][28][30][58]. For example, in the western hemlock zone of the southern Oregon Coast Ranges, average northern spotted owl breeding season home range was 1,497 acres (606 ha), compared to an average nonbreeding season home range size of 3,509 acres (1,420 ha) [58]. Radio-telemetry data on Mexican spotted owls from studies in Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah resulted in estimates of breeding season home ranges that varied from 563 to 1,250 acres (228-506 ha), while nonbreeding season home range estimates varied from 902 to 2,540 acres (365-1,028 ha). In a ponderosa pine-Gambel oak forest of Arizona,swiss watches cheap, nonbreeding home range size were significantly (P=0.008) larger than breeding home ranges [24]. However,nike air max chaussures in the Sierra National Forest there was an interaction between cover type and season on California spotted owl territory size, such that nonbreeding territories were larger than breeding territories in mixed-conifer forest but smaller in oak/pine woodland [60].
Other sources of variability in home range size include habitat requirements and prey availability. Spotted owls likely require a certain amount of old-growth forests. A literature review states that a pair of northern spotted owls uses an average of 2,000 to 2,500 acres (10 km2) of old-growth forests [55]. In areas where this resource is clumped and abundant, spotted owl home ranges are generally smaller. For example, in coniferous forests in southwestern Oregon, northern spotted owl home range size varied from 1,320 acres (533 ha) in clumped mixed-conifer forest to 7,190 acres (2,908 ha) in fragmented Douglas-fir forest [10]. Several articles[32][58] note the inverse relationship between home range sizes and the amount of old growth within them.cheap mlb jerseys Spotted owls also require less area in certain cover types[16][40][60]. For instance, Mexican spotted owl home ranges in the Sacramento Mountains of New Mexico dominated by mixed-conifer forests were significantly (P<0.04) smaller than those dominated by ponderosa pine forests and pinyon-juniper woodland.